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Objective: to achieve the desired core structure and mechanical properties for the intended application, while avoiding any potential surface alterations such as oxidation or decarburization.

In vacuum quenching, steel or metal alloy parts are brought to austenitizing temperature in a vacuum furnace that has been purged and evacuated to create a controlled environment. This process eliminates any part/ambient interaction (such as oxidation, decarburization or over-carburization) that might occur at high temperatures. Rapid, controlled cooling in a neutral environment (inert gas or oil) produces the desired high-hardness martensitic structure. Austenitization temperature and cooling rate are meticulously determined to ensure efficient quenching while preserving material properties.

Our vacuum quenching process

The process differs depending on whether gas quenching or oil bath quenching is used:

Oven preparation

The parts, often metal components destined for the automotive or aerospace industries, are introduced into thesealed enclosure, then the furnace is purged by evacuating the chamber to a vacuum ranging from 10^-2 to 10^-6 mbar, ensuring maximum cleanliness. A neutral gas, typically nitrogen or argon, can be injected into the chamber to maintain partial pressure.

Heating

Initial convection heating improves temperature uniformity up to 750°C, crucial for the heat treatment of metals (stainless materials and special alloys). This is followed by radiant heating, with several stages of uniformity and controlled slopes up to austenitizing temperature, adjusted between 800° and 1300° to a precision of ± 5°C, optimizing the hardenability and mechanical characteristics of the parts.

Tempering phase

In the case of gas quenching :

A neutral gas (nitrogen, argon) is injected into the chamber at a controlled pressure of up to 10 bar. Parts are then rapidly cooled by high-speed circulation of the neutral gas, cooled by a high-performance heat exchanger. When the temperature reaches the end-of-cycle level, the pressure in the enclosure is reduced to atmospheric pressure, allowing the parts to be extracted. This cooling technology considerably reduces deformation.

In the case of oil bath quenching :

A double-chamber furnace is used, with the oil sump incorporated into the furnace and maintained under reduced pressure. After the austenitizing stage, the parts are automatically transferred to the quenching chamber and immersed in oil, ensuring rapid, controlled cooling.

Revenue

Annealing is carried out in convection vacuum furnaces. After charging, the furnace is evacuated and filled with a neutral gas (nitrogen or argon). Convection heating, via forced circulation of neutral gas heated by electric resistors, enables temperatures to be regulated to ± 5°C. Depending on the steel grade and the desired results, 1 to 4 tempering operations are carried out to improve mechanical strength and reduce residual austenite content. A cryogenic cooling phase can be interposed between quenching and the first tempering, thus enhancing the performance and durability of treated parts.

    Features and benefits of vacuum quenching

    The technology of the furnaces used explains the distinctive characteristics of vacuum treatments, making these processes ideal for many specialized sectors.

    Cleanliness

    The parts obtained by this process undergo no surface alterations such as oxidation or decarburization. Degassed, "white" parts feature exemplary cleanliness, essential for demanding applications such as high-precision components used in vacuum or controlled-atmosphere environments.

    Homogeneity

    The high precision and uniformity of the treatment is regulated down to ± 5 degrees, ensuring even heat distribution and optimum hardening. This homogeneity is crucial for metallic materials, such as stainless steel and special alloys, requiring dimensional accuracy and optimum structural quality.

    Reliability

    The treatment cycle is fully automated, with continuous control of all parameters, including temperature, pressure, segment time, ramps and bearings. The use of vacuum pumps and advanced technologies in the vacuum systems ensures control of treatment cycles. Cooling technologies ensure a high quality metallurgical structure.

    Adaptability

    All alloy steels can be quenched in either pressurized gas or oil, with short processing times and continuous operation (7 days a week, 24 hours a day). This flexibility makes the vacuum quenching process highly competitive on the market, offering significant advantages in terms of cost, performance and production capacity.

    For study and order

    We advise you to consult us as early as the part or tool design stage, to agree on the optimum technical solution.

    Information to be communicated :

    - Steel grade (standardized designation preferred).
    - Previous and subsequent treatments.
    - Functional parts, geometric tolerances to be respected, allowances for finishing.
    - Hardness or mechanical tolerances.
    - For mass-produced parts: part drawing, weight, number of parts per shipment and per year.
    - Technical specifications

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    business sectors concerned

    Given their specific characteristics, vacuum treatments are ideal for parts requiring very precise metallurgical properties, both in the core and on the surface. Perfectly clean parts are used as is, or after limited finishing.

    Tooling : molds for plastics and aluminum, punches, dies, cutting tools, dies... Aeronautics, armaments, precision mechanics, cutlery... Series parts (direct injection...) Single or series safety parts (perfect control of processing parameters)

    Our various documentations

    10-bar gas quench and vacuum oil quench

    See all our documentation

    Our FAQs

    What is vacuum deposition?

    Vacuum deposition is a surface treatment used to deposit a material or alloy on a mechanical part.

    The use of vacuum technology ensures a perfectly clean, non-polluting process.

    It is not subject to REACH legislation.

    What are the advantages of PVD technology?

    This process greatly increases resistance to wear, abrasion, friction and corrosion. As a result, component life is greatly extended.

    Standard thicknesses are of the order of 3µm and deposition is carried out on finished parts.

    What's the difference between PVD and PACVD?

    PVD is physical vapor deposition. The element to be deposited is obtained by evaporation or sputtering via a physical process. PACVD is plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The element to be deposited is obtained from chemical reactions. Plasma enables this chemical reaction to take place at lower temperatures.

    What are the industrial applications of vacuum deposition?

    Vacuum deposits are classified into several categories: anti-wear, friction, decorative and biocompatibility. The applications are therefore very varied: automotive components, aerospace, tooling, cutting tools, medical devices, decorative parts...

    How do I choose the right deposit method?

    The deposition method depends above all on the nature of the coating to be deposited and the substrate.

    If the substrate cannot be heated to high temperature, the deposition must be carried out using low-temperature technology.

    If the coating to be deposited consists of a solid element (metal or graphite target), a physical process such as PVD is used. If the coating consists of a gas or liquid, a chemical process such as CVD or PACVD is used.

    What is the purpose of case-hardening? 

    Incorporate carbon below the surface of the steel part to improve fatigue and wear resistance on the surface, while maintaining good core mechanical properties.

    See all FAQs

    Do you have a question or a need?

    Our dedicated team will advise you on the technology best suited to your needs.

    Contact us

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